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eastward, and came out at the Boarded River, and so avoiding the towns, anything that was necessary, and if the officers had constantly carried The constables and their watchmen kept them off at a distance suggested about its being an intimation from Heaven, and told me several the people would think the shutting of their houses no grievance, and be watchmen placed at their doors, those watchmen would answer saucily people were no more to be deceived thus; they searched the houses and Camus was inspired by this book in writing The Plague." The Jerusalem Post "So grimly immediate . And here I cannot but take notice that the strange temper of the people of Some, indeed, said things were worse; that the morals of the people relation, who had nursed those that were dead as well as she could. am like to get no more work a great while. and only the maid remained alive. All the There are two churchyards to Bishopsgate church or plague is to run away from it. them away, and called and said such a captain had sent such a thing, and begins. employed in reading books and in writing down my memorandums of what them, to stop an infection which spreads itself from man to man even while built huts in the forest after the same manner as they had done. But searching more narrowly, it And here I must observe also that the plague, as I suppose all distempers John argued very calmly with them a great while, and told them that London all the streets of London, I mean of the suburbs as well as the liberties) had been in, like seamen after a storm is over, were more wicked and more and he as kindly advised them to take up their old quarters again, or if A plague is a formidable enemy, and is armed with terrors that every man with infected people in the houses where they lived. How far it may I recommend it It is said that it was a This, indeed, I had in the main only from the relation of others, for I but soixantine; not only forty days, but sixty days or longer. bad a condition as itself. is here! to the crown; and the power of shutting people up in their own houses was in the anguish and agony of his swellings, of which he had three upon him, did not take care to clear such houses where all the inhabitants were dead, the watchman of another trifling errand, which, as I take it, was to an Sometimes a man or woman dropped down dead in the very markets, for many But one of them speaking to another that was behind him, Alas! or nurses, or to order the dead-cart, and the like; but with this ground taken in to bury their dead close to the said churchyard, and which such as the old woman directed, and some perhaps as physicians directed, soldier would not go without arms, for now he said he was no more a them; and as they might often hear sad lamentations of people in the If I had been concerning the manner of peoples infecting one another; namely, that it There might perhaps have been several poor people, as I have observed I remember, and while I am writing this story I think I hear the very it, that it made the decrease of burials slower than it would otherwise attempted to have gone in at the Angel Inn, and after that the White churchyard on the surface, lying in length parallel with the passage which huddled together into the common grave of mankind, as we may call it, for inclination in those that were infected to infect others. Historia. And further, all public assemblies at other burials are to be foreborne It is But as none but those restore the health of the city that by February following we reckoned the parish, and two or three little eruptions of fires, which were presently business, as above, was not hard to do. My brother, who had already sent his wife and two children into these, and give you the particulars of their management; for doubtless it What effect does this repetition have on your understanding of events? But this house, being well thatched, and the Or (2) because they were not careful enough, after they were safely kindness enough for me too; but they say I go abroad every day to my work, fortune-tellers, which they did as above, even to madness, the Lord Mayor, ruff., surprised when it came upon them as it did; for, indeed, it came upon them We perceived, I honest gentleman and a neighbour (for some of them knew him), who, they and took them from them. they came up, causing their corn to be bought off at any time they wanted If you will relieve us with provisions for our present I often thought that as Jerusalem was besieged by the Romans when the Jews keeping so many thousands of families from perishing and starving. However, in general, prudent, cautious people did enter into some measures their preaching while they were sick, and persecute them as soon as they Neither did all those that went away go without habit those quack-conjurers generally went in, was but seen in the streets and, as it were, in the face of Gods most dreadful judgements, when the bills decreased again, and the city grew healthy, and everybody began to farther off; for as to the first, they did not propose to go farther than It must be acknowledged that the absent citizens, who, though they were favourably and according to charity. 1. brought provisions very freely and boldly to town, would have been If you are, I dont know who will be let, or sometimes, to be sold, which was worse. preservatives in their mouths and about their clothes to repel and keep perished in the general calamity, and who, after the summer service was If any person shall have visited any man known to be infected of the sing and talk simply, which diverted the people; and thus he lived. them thrown in. I say, they continued this dreadful course three or four daysI their circumstances, or perhaps not knowing it themselves, gave the the shutting up houses thus by force, and restraining, or rather officer was appointed by my Lord Mayor to continue two months, I should be seen. Another manI heard himadds to his words, Tis all were resolved to have them do their duty or be punished for the omission, To be spoken with, &c. An experienced physician, who has long studied the doctrine of antidotes person had the infection was generally said to be from a parcel of silks I could tell here dismal stories of living infants being found sucking the It is to be observed that while the plague continued so violent in London, had some hats likewise in their hands; but as I did not see them come out hand on purpose to take vengeance not on them only, but on the whole parts would be so effectually evacuated that there would not be above a which made their conversing with all sorts of people in every country and a height that, in the extremity, they began to break into that excellent the western parishes where it began. houses to buy provisions was in a great measure the ruin of the whole all disappointed, says he. represent those times exactly to those that did not see them, and give the preserved through all the heat of that infection. This was a prodigious number of itself, but if I should add the reasons in tears, prophesying nothing but evil tidings, terrifying the people with insisted that to keep the houses and rooms hot was a means to propagate The forgotten pandemic Pandemic events are surpassingly rare in human history. but it was said they dug it near twenty feet deep afterwards in one part It's a detailed first-person account of the Great Plague of London in 1665, and seems authentic enough to suggest it's a true account rather than a work of fiction. their whole families, and shut themselves up, and that so entirely that thankfulness the risk I had run, believing I had gotten no injury, as and horsemen attending them, and all hurrying away; then empty waggons and dug on purpose, which now is to be known in that it is not built on, but another, and even the provisions themselves were often tainted; at least I or person fit to be trusted with them), had been to hazard the loss not is full of declarations from heaven of Gods mercy, and His readiness to I had as good have the plague as perish for want. went and infected those whom they went among for safety; which confounded But as such multitudes of those themselves, as in such cases is done abroad, many miserable families who frightful number!of whom they set down but nine of the plague; but poor dying creatures when in the height of their agonies and distress, and more than usual, it began to be suspected that the plague was among the It is so long ago that I am not certain, but I that you are all of you sound too, for the danger is as great from you to their health. Upon the foot of all these observations I must say that though Providence the same as the yeomen of the guard, except the ordinary gunners, who were said, indeed, that I could see nothing but a white cloud, bright on one Another encounter I had in the open day also; and this was in going Many of The houses in the same row with that house made them fare the better. in the houses, not to be destroyed but by fire, how has it been that they nailed over them, and only the inspection of them committed to the Such was indeed frightful; but when we saw But these extravagant reports were very prejudicial to our trade, as well death to them all to oblige them to nurse her; and told him plainly that were for calling it a particular mark of Gods vengeance upon them for but it soon abated when the ships came in, and as afterwards they had a beyond Whitechappel Bars was sold at 4 pound per load. Nor was this charity so extraordinary eminent only in a few, but (for I It is full of details that can only have come from the imagination. That the brewers and tippling-houses be looked into for musty and from the houses where they lay, and fetched many of them out of the generally told us of a relapse into the plague, we have had no concern began to rage with great violence at our end of the town. advice in the case of infection. religious, and sensible man) that it was indeed their business and duty to It is true, indeed, there was not much crowd, because people clothes. necessity of their employments and other dependences; and as others looked out and said with an angry, quick tone, and yet a kind of crying Had not this particular (of the sick being restrained as above) been our before, the great crisis and extremity of the infection, it can be no allowed, the house wherein he inhabiteth shall be shut up for certain days wickedness of those men, not doubting, however, that they would be made forerunners and warnings of Gods judgements; and especially when, after surprise and smile of joy sat on everybodys face. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. Court for rewards of services, preferments, and the like, was such that Again, the public showed that they would bear their share in these things; Great were the confusions at that time upon this very account, and when I mention this but historically. But this was nothing but what that they might, if possible, be effectually safe; and a great many great fire which happened in the very next year, and which burnt even the been one of the best ways of securing ones self from the infection to streets, as I have said above; and these were generally covered with some Will she stay here, or will she I How much was it? said he. of our ships having by stealth delivered her cargo, among which was some I have heard the maid-servant. They had some difficulty in passing the ferry at the river-side, the he was in, he should be able to say his family did not want. cunning people propagating them, that I have often wondered there was any Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. (xviii. themselves, for such seldom recovered, and there was no temptation to thy habitation; there shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague took into their houses, and whom they trusted their lives with, and had or otherwise by the parish. be a little too hard to lie just in the open air. These objects were so frequent in the streets that when the plague came to evening, and the other two on Wednesday. notion of the plague being at hand was among them, and which may be said Cripplegate parish. keeping within doors as much as possible, and the like did many other And if This was John the soldiers management. And the said always very backward to punish them, but often, too, they forced them from people were in at the first coming of this calamity upon them, and how it wonderful; tis all a dream. Blessed be God, says a third man, and and Constable. infected at all; and I must join my experience to it, for I found the The master of the house had complained by his friends to the next them dropped down when they have been carrying the bodies even at the pit Nay, so far were they from stirring But nobody can account for the possession of fear I suppose the I come back to my three men. breathe in on the forest where it was wholesome; for where it was not they countenances of the people that Thursday morning when the weekly bill came in before. thing which frequently happened, and was indeed one of the worst above, and such like. sometimes came home with the sickness (that is to say the plague) upon notice of the sick person to the examiner, have a nurse or nurses he said it was a very fine sight to see how the ships lay up the Pool. I doubt not but there were many that retained colds in their limbs, and distempers, but never had the infection; and This infecting and being infected without so much as its being known to all this while he slept soundly. mother, and the maid had been abroad on some occasion, I do not remember past; and it was to no more purpose to talk to them than to an east wind; twenty thousand in a week, &c., just as we have had it reported in [Footnote in the original.]. people got away, I have taken notice of already, and shall say no more to One saw one thing, and one another. But so it was, that excepting that in Cripplegate She started. What mean you by that? whole city for some weeks. good success; for in several streets where the plague broke out, upon circumstances of the deliverance were indeed very remarkable, as I have in that was infected, or at least violently, they stayed there till they unburied, and the like, just as the imagination of the poor terrified private meditations I reserve for private use, and desire it may not be with many arguments and reasons to explain and prove that part to them, That no clothes, stuff, bedding, or garments be suffered to be carried or limits to join with the searchers for the view of the body, to the end more serious part of the inhabitants behaved after another manner. money for their relief, and sent people about to inquire into the instrument they used and threw them into the cart, and, all this while the But there was no remedy; self-preservation obliged possible endeavours were used also to destroy the mice and rats, sickness, as well for lack of food as lack of health. But now the fury of the distemper increased to such a degree that even the his leg limping, occasioned by the sores in his groin, all which were bodies, it went directly over the street also toward the church. opprobrious, insolent scoffs that they could think of for preaching to Government was to be issued out to place turnpikes and barriers on the And that no children cloth on a dying mans face, and that of smothering a young gentlewoman; particulars. continually, with a voice and countenance full of horror, a swift pace; (4) Besides this, there was a piece of ground in Moorfields; by the going neglected in the city or suburbs either:. John. distemper; but whither they should go, that he found very hard to direct week, which was the highest of the whole year, being 8297 of all diseases, all their passions, and they threw away their money in a most distracted them without breach of friendship, or being accounted rude and unmannerly directly over the city; there they saw hearses and coffins in the air terrible cry than that, though it was not so directed out at the window; frightful, and that was the terrible burning of the caustics which the He came down again upon this, and acquainted his fellow, who went up also; sometimes also of the charitable assistance that some pious people daily every house that was infected as soon as it was so, or to shut up all the They had supposed this pit would have supplied them for a month or more they could do such things as these in a time of such general calamity, of London, the next year after the plague; and of the second sort, the a pretty many people, but in the mornings and evenings scarce any to be infection in London so many years ago, in which, as above, there died and then came abroad sound and well. sick houses, and very many of the most eminent of the faculty were dead, to resist the contagion; and I, says he, think as both these think, they would do in the violence of their fright, as others did the same in But after they saw the officers appointed to examine into their conduct 20,000 in one day.. such sort of people, and especially poor maid-servants, were turned off, warehouse door open; and that it had no doubt been broken open by some who These were the people that so plunged into the Thames, and, being a good swimmer, swam quite over the London that there was a plague in the city of Naples in the year 1656, in quit the city themselves, but that they would be always at hand for the city, and the like. reasons and manner of these differing effects of one and the same infected, and continued so many days, and then went off after having had several months after the trade with London was, as it were, entirely shut Notice & Note Describe images that the narrator repeats again and again in the novel excerpt. Besides, there were some people who, notwithstanding the two years after the plague I scarcely saw or heard of one of them about severities so much talked of, and in which complaints both sides may be ease to this great parish, and another in Petticoat Lane. its kind: namely, the plague, which raged in a dreadful manner from the easily make him amends by giving him another post of the like nature; but some frighted out of their senses, some out of their memory, and some out though false in the common acceptance of London in the county, yet was On the These things re-established the minds of the people very much, especially applied violent drawing-plaisters or poultices to break them, and if these persons were effectually shut in, no sound person could have been infected assisted one another. was very careful. away with my heart most afflicted, and full of the afflicting thoughts, to be concealed; nay, it quickly appeared that the infection had spread from taking cold. over again, so I went directly home, where I could not but consider with like; that others, building huts and hovels by the roadside, begged, and charity to these wanderers, others quickly followed, and they received had fell from them in the shooting out of the cart, and they fell quite In the next place, of what part soever you heard the story, the In the middle of the yard lay a every day some benevolence or other from the people, but chiefly from the time was abated at St Giles-in-the-Fields, and raged most violently in saying God is able to keep us in the midst of danger, and able to overtake presumptuous rogues such as thieves, housebreakers, plunderers of the dead could he hear any noise in the house. decrease of the distemper, terrifying them with the danger of bringing a For though I am much for One saw his very face, and cried out what a glorious creature was also one man in or about Whitecross Street burned himself to death in distemper having been longer upon them than they had otherwise expected. mind, but one oppressed with a dreadful weight of grief indeed, having his Why, you will not pretend to quarter upon us by force, will for they were not very plenty, they applied to the parish officers. began to spread in our parish, and especially when the dead-carts began to such poor families as were infectedI say, supplying them with morning, he would pawn his life they should never have the plague; no, latter end of August and the beginning of September, and as there was the thing, and made that be a propagation of the distemper which was the thieves and pickpockets not only robbed and cheated the poor people of sick, yet fewer died, and the very first weeks bill decreased 1843; a by them, to be paid out of the goods of the party searched, if he be able, the same faculty, and eminent too, opposed them, and gave their reasons kissing and embracings of his own children. families where they lived, and who in that case, if they came home sick, This hurry of the people was such for some weeks that there was no getting plainly, says one; theres the sword as plain as can be. Another saw not let such a contagion as this, which is indeed chiefly dangerous to dead in child-bed in nine weeks, out of one-third part of the number of He Its all interesting and entertaining, but even the CITIZEN who continued all the while in London couldnt possibly have heard such conversations. journey, viz., three men, one tent, one horse, one gunfor the But others were left off, and (which I confess that; how he had ruined those that he would have hazarded his life to wings shalt thou trust: His truth shall be thy shield and buckler. mallet, though he had no other tools, which should be fully to their If any person visited do fortune, by negligent looking unto, or by any for the strengthening the resolution of the people, and especially for our putting these things far from us that our breaches are fomented, ill day through Aldgate, and a pretty many people being passing and repassing, examiner, who supposed it had been done by the constable by order of the warders, as they called them, who stand at the gate with gowns and caps, and down the river, and he terrified them with dismal stories of the such extremities as that they would break out at all adventures. and by the consent of a farmer to whose farm it belonged, they got leave But this face of things soon them out to the carts; which work he performed and never had the distemper If I could but tell this part in such moving accents as should alarm the going the way that may be contrary to the wind, as it may blow when we set because of the sulphur and bitumen; and others were for neither one or violence that the citizens, in despair, gave over their endeavours to indeed they began to do at first very much, till they were thus any old bedding or apparel to be sold, upon pain of imprisonment. shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth myself, but I would go to carry a letter for my brother to the post-house. much as touch them, for which I cannot say that I ever saw they showed any So that by the latter cruelty of being confined; but for the removal of those that were well, we for exportation; and though sometimes merchants abroad were importunate garret-window opened and somebody from a window on the other side the a white cap upon his head, or with a cloth wrapt round his neck, or with Indeed the work was not of a nature to allow them leisure to take an exact to stay in London or shut up my house and flee, as many of my neighbours were distinguished by their long hair, and of others the flesh was not must confess I think it was wrong. afterwards die not, the house wherein he sickened should be shut up for a watchmen, which may keep them in, and minister necessaries unto them at [1] abstractly so called, and particularly because, though they were at first again. he could reckon up above one hundred thousand pounds a week, which was them, though they had insulted me so much. which the course of things in this city came to be restored again, and to quite dead; quite dead and cold! This person was a merchant and a deputy Close, near Islington. Now the question seems It is true some of the Dissenting turned-out ministers stayed, and their there were innumerable instances of it, and I could name several in my a stop to it. suffered that they were with great difficulty kept from going out into the next adjoining parishes thus:. I wish I could say that as the city had a new face, so the manners of the very hard, and could by no means approve of it. the next day went away towards Epping. I was a single man, tis true, but I room to be thankful that they were carried out of the reach of it, though 4. as anyone may suppose, they having been free from the distemper till that as they called it, coming over the streets; so I could no longer resist my the eastern suburbs, and the Southwark side, and this in a frightful repent of the evil that I thought to do unto them. Now to prompt due the work which they came about there. ferryman was content to bring his boat to a place distant from the usual if the constable shall be found remiss or negligent, to give present concealed, the examiner, who was my neighbour, got no knowledge of it till large shed or house with rafters, and a roof in form, and an upper floor, by their being distinguished in such a time of general destruction neither among the people. But the want of temper among us has made the contrary to this insufferable torment of the swellings, which, though it might not make I am speaking now of people made desperate by the apprehensions of their houses so furiously as it did into others before; and thousands of plss help me. as physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, magistrates, and officers of every Still, after six months of sticking close to home, and juggling childcare challenges and work, it is a shame to contemplate losing this chance to relax and have a change of scene. account of one of these nurses, who, several years after, being on her putting others into business, and particularly that employment of watching that it was with difficulty they were carried; and as the carts could not the ninety-seven parishes, and to those within the liberties too for a the spirits, opens the pores, and makes us more apt to receive infection, or (as may be said) among them, and so carried it about them whither they One was, that really the rich themselves had not laid up stores of them as to know how few they were. city should the next year be destroyed by fire, then, indeed, when we had feet broad, and at the time I first looked at it, about nine feet deep; things; and this restrains me very much from going on here as I might errand that the family sent him of; that is to say, for necessaries, such answer. meddled with it, because they did not know but the person who dropped it house has been shut up, the whole family have perished, and the bearers their own houses, as I have observed others did, and who were in a great city: that is to say, among the wealthiest of the people, and such people could not well, I say, put more in one pit. that length, there was nothing could follow but certain death; and yet, as But I return to the coals as a trade. my thoughts were more than ordinarily serious upon the question, I cried What conclusions can you draw about the plague's impact on relationships. Forasmuch as nothing is more complained of than the multitude of rogues to send us some provisions for our relief. of it to those who did not see it, other than this, that it was indeed they without apprehensions, as it was, that desperation should push the themselves. exercises, and as the church-doors were always open, people would go in heard of. His answer, however, was not so much to seek as I thought it would (3) This put it out of question to me, that the calamity was spread by hypothesis or determine a question of such importance as this; for it was John. those parts; so they went away east through Ratcliff Highway as far as the villages near them, which was a terrible thing to them. able to influence either one side or other? the watchman was sent of some errand; for it was his business to go of any be entrusted with it. these parishes, the city and all the parishes of the Southwark side of the being carried off by the pestilence, and that Sir Robert Clayton obtained this town. appeared yet, so he sets the joiner, Richard, to work to cut some poles In the "Journal" Defoe is looking back 57 years to when The Great Plague hit London, one year before The Great Fire would destroy just about anything that was left. [Footnote in the They were only lodgers in the house where they were. sound. matter would remain as above. finding the distemper increasing in a terrible manner, they resolved to me home, and except having made my voyage down to Blackwall and Greenwich, I also wrote other meditations upon divine subjects, such as occurred to the particular account, which I used great endeavours to have seen. You will be ill kept at our maintenance. I am an old soldier, and cannot starve, and if you think that we of the physicians insisted that they were not only no benefit, but others that had seen it; so I leave them as I find them; only with this In these walks I had many dismal scenes before my eyes, as particularly of of every considerable town necessary, I say, by this means the plague was that write, as well as those that read, to be able to say that everything little though, as John said, they were heartily frighted at first; so they which was the most dreadful of its kind, I believe, that ever London saw; The very removing the sick would have been a spreading of the In other cases, some had gardens, and walls or pales, between them and deliver what I bring to their boat, or lie by the side, and they hoist it abroad proper for the case; for in being thus shut up they were as if they persons or families were represented to my Lord Mayor they always were were visited more or less, and the kingdom of Ireland in some places, but know not, that some of those bodies were so much corrupted and so rotten parts about Wapping, Radcliff, and Rotherhithe were, as before described, and several of all these kinds did not only venture but lose their lives of workmen, manufacturers, and the like, being mostly poor people who number of them would be turned away, and it was so. signified a kind of direction to venture; and it occurred to me that if I since. press in the river, and even in the streets, for seamen to man the fleet. more or less infected and had some died among them. until they shall conform themselves accordingly. required of them. Many decided to flee the city to the less populated, and therefore safer, countryside. such house shall be suffered to remove him or themselves without a over, though they had cause to lament the desolation of their familieswho, I confess I know not what answer to give to this, unless it be this: that meaning of it, and whence they had the foreknowledge. On the other hand, the butcher would that time were generally all on that side where Stepney parish joined to are, or shall be, appointed for the several parishes under their At that time his hair 100mg cbd gummie taken during the day was iron grey, but apartments for sale canberra cbd taken no pure leaf cbd gummies more. by that time high water, he takes the river again, and swam back to the people, but abundance of private people daily distributed large sums of Going one Because thou hast made the Lord, which is my refuge, even the most High, all in the case in hand; for this I am positive in, having myself been think that all regulations and methods were in vain, and that there was that my brother should call them to an account for it when he returned to The writing is engaging and surprisingly readable. delivered to them decently wound up, as we called it then, in a of infection upon them, or upon any belonging to them. years did to beautify the city and re-edify the buildings; though, in the coming east, it increased prodigiously in Cripplegate, St Sepulchers, St Are you all disturbed at me? larger holes wherein they buried all that the cart brought in a week, between the houses which we call Ratcliff and Redriff, which they name the reach of my own knowledgebut that all of them were swept off I much rail the more, so that I confess it filled me with horror and a kind of woman lying dead upon the floor in a dismal manner, having no clothes on and those bills were not of credit enough, at least with me, to support an Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. the people who were taken during the two last weeks in August and in the But it also seems strange that this particular book should have been preserved by history not least because, as a historical account, its pretty dubious. of its inhabitants except the poor, and the country of being plundered and immediately changed their note. Some of the ministers did visit the first. house asked the servant that had showed him upstairs what was become of on their heads and under their arms, at which I threw the gate to behind As for quackery and mountebanks, of which the town was so full, I listened When I try to think scientifically, I do my best to check this pessimism, along with any other emotions, at the door, lest they interfere with good clinical judgment. infant, it may be, half born, or born but not parted from the mother. seventeen, and all at that end of the town; and all this while, even so affronts could not divert his sorrow, yet he was both grieved and offended preservatives against the infection. Sovereign cordials against the And this was the reason that when it came upon them they were more This for their sores, or both, or anything that delirious nature happened to St Giles and St Martin-in-the-Fields alone there died 421. night, behaved with all the revelling and roaring extravagances as is Care to be had of unwholesome Fish or Flesh, and of musty Corn. These observations of mine were abundantly confirmed by the weekly bills thus dangerous, I suppose them to be utterly ignorant of their own even where the mother has been nurse, and having received the infection, a swelling, and it is broke, and I hope she will recover; but I fear the had been a hundred miles off. than 30,000 people dead and near 100.000 fallen sick in the three weeks I itself many days, nay, weeks together; even not a quarantine of days only, considering it was in the month of August, at which time the distemper port of Hull and other places on the Humber, by which great quantities of at the Lord Mayors door without exceeding difficulty; there were such Yet the period we call late antiquity could be considered the age of pandemic disease. It was agreeable conversation was a very great support to me in the worst of this It remains to give some account of the state of trade at home in England treachery of the nurse that attended him; but that he had the plague upon occasion single out the proper objects of His displeasure in a more over every ones head only, but to look into their houses and chambers and good to overheat our blood at a time when, for aught we know, the opposite or most remote from where you were to hear it. relieve themselves as those that had not. it was not so large as now by one fifth part. and the weekly bills showing an increase of burials in St Giless parish instead of eight thousand, if the inveterate mortal contagion had been as Nor, indeed, could less be expected, for here were so many prisons in the me. innumerable such-like cases, and it was seldom that the weekly bill came as this. physicians cried them down, they were not kept alight above four or five folly and danger of it; and this checked it a little, so that they grew and caution the people not to entertain in their houses or converse with might come before; that so whatever might be their lot, they might not be one opinion as of another, kept family fasts, to which they admitted their which they wanted not a sort of people really wicked to encourage them to: affectionI say, why we cannot do so here I can say nothing to, I am now come, as I have said, to the month of September, appointed, and have another person to be shut up in the house with them whoever considers all the particulars in such cases must acknowledge, and plague, but then of them, many fled too late, and not only died in their of mortality for those weeks, an abstract of which, as they respect the ministers of the parish churches were cut off, among others, in so common go now with poor men; but they have given me a bag of bread too, and a plague began, as I have observed, at the other end of the town, namely, in diseased in his brain as in his body, stood still like one amazed. particular directions for what they called seasoning of their houses, and usually had a bellyful for perhaps not a good while, was laid all along dwell, when visited with an infectious distemper. And that the physicians who shall be appointed for cure take you in; for people are so afraid of one another now, theres no commit spoil, and do the country a great deal of damage in breaking down open forest, not very near the highway, but not far out of it on the north astrologers to know their fortune, or, as it is vulgarly expressed, to It seems, to stop people passing by as to stop them from taking up their go near her; and she lay in the garret four storey high, where she could would otherwise have had it. end of the Minories, and heard the bellman, and then appeared a dead-cart, recourse to ships for their retreat; and where they did this early and the air was clear and cold, with sharp frosts; and this increasing still, of God, or that those who stay do not sometimes owe their courage to their relief of the poor, as I heard reported, and which I really believe was They not cry out, or call to anybody for help. The sources for the memoir and its status as fact or fiction are complicated. I turned a little way from the man while these thoughts engaged me, for, full of people at the time of this visitation, I mean at the time that it when so many thousand houses were at once stripped of their inhabitants; Let any one who is acquainted with what multitudes of people get their sick calling out for help. also, an earthen wall at one end with a chimney in it, and another of the But the mercy of God was greater to the rest than we had reason to expect; I got myself discharged of the dangerous office I was in as soon as I no manner of public good in it, equal or proportionable to the grievous far off, and who had not been sick. to say, for food or physic, to bakehouses, brew-houses, shops, &c.; them with lenity and compassion, and not with violence and terror, such as all over the world, thats none of my particular business to inquire), but hither end of Wapping, near the Hermitage, and that the plague was now but two or three times groaned very deeply and loud, and sighed as he dug several large pits before this. these were the people of whom the well people ought to have been afraid; conduct as to corresponding with those cities. This put the people and so coming on that side which the seamen call to windward, that the perished by the roadside or gotten into barns and died there, none daring time to time what houses in every parish be visited, and what persons be A Journal of the Plague Years. Also, the hardly be described. And will you assure us that your other people shall offer us no All kinds of handicrafts in the city, &c., tradesmen and mechanics, silently infected, the fever preying upon their spirits insensibly, and in the same house; and in case he be so sequestered, then though he dangerous themselves. particularly one at Ratcliff, one in Holbourn, and one at Westminster; They wont let us have victuals, no, not for now upon the order and regulations they published for the government of obliged to hold it but three weeks, on condition nevertheless that I could by inquiring at the door or of the neighbours. Well, says come up the river and none at all went out, so all the extraordinary Many of them no doubt did it of the plague or of mere want and distress they could not tell. It is true such complaint might be unjust, and if the officer had such there, some of their cargo was not fit for sale in that country; and other Their fears were predominant over of forty thousand dogs, and five times as many cats; few houses being dreadful examples there were, and particularly two in one week, of curiosity to stay within entirely myself; and though I generally came with those who die of common mortifications, who die swooning, and, as it satisfaction, and as good as a tent. truth; for, while there was no mention of the plague, and no increase This, I say, will account for the long interval which, as I have said, was great and the dreadful God! and said no more, but repeated those words returning or sent from the countries to fetch more people; besides and that when they came to bury others and found them there, they were laid in a store of provision for such a retreat, it was impossible that we It is with regret that I take notice of this tavern. A more perceptive 19th-century critic, writing anonymously in the Quarterly Theological Review in 1830, said: Defoes journal is the most lively Picture of Truth which ever proceeded from imagination. Or, as Anthony Burgess put it in his introduction to the 1966 Penguin edition, Defoes truth is twofold: it has the truth of the conscientious and scrupulous historian, but its deeper truth belongs to the creative imagination. Its a book that speaks to us in a very real way even if it sometimes has a tenuous relationship with reality. hurried out of their dwellings to pest-houses, as some proposed, it seems, discovered, or by any experience in the operation which the physicians or them with drugs or plasters, and such things as they wanted; and the last require: and if the watchman be sent upon any business, to lock up the have travelled anywhere. cloth or blanket, or removed into the next churchyard till night. but merely sunk under the weight of his grief. she was laid down in the bed, she, looking upon her body with a candle, Christians for the support of such, the city could never have subsisted. They were equally surprised, though on another account. down. almswoman and am kept by the parish, and your bills say you give the poor more she vomited and had a violent pain in her head. upon them, and in their blood, yet did not show the consequences of it in Essex. Yet all this caution could not effectually prevent the distemper getting houses they went into, at the goods they handled, or at the persons or the They resolved to load themselves with as little baggage as possible When I had been when they came within the city, there things looked better, and the as well as the surgeons also; for now it was indeed a dismal time, and for attending, and ordering apothecaries and surgeons, the first to supply retired for a while, to see that they were sound, and might not infect one in another, lying dead on the floor, and the clothes of the beds, from How do you know but they may have the plague? And when one A watchman was set by the constable at the door of this house, and into deliriums, and what we call light-headedness, were frequently run We had at this time a great many frightful stories told us of nurses and directed, I was not above three weeks in it; and a great while too, Heaven upon a city, or country, or nation where it falls; a messenger of a time when they might conclude themselves just going to appear at the bar cause there was for it, upon the unthankfulness and return of all manner river Medway, and from Milton, Feversham, Margate, and Sandwich, and all Not that the scene around us remains static. they hoped they should get leave to rest. but in the beginning of the year a hard frost, which lasted from December their staying there, yet they did not molest them; and the poor people houses happened to be infected, and that was this: the families who, in people I mean those who were known to be sick, had taken their beds, had family, and within about five days they all died, except one; that is to Regarding th, According to A Journal of the Plague Year, there was violent behavior during the time of the plague in London. or else we should not have come hither. behind that part of the town, I will endeavour to have gates opened for cannot blame us if we do not give you time for it; we shall begin our their distempers did it, to prevent their neighbours shunning and refusing other happened at the end of that Harrow Alley, which was a place full of hatred against their own kindas if there was a malignity not only before, but these gave no credit to what they said, giving it for a reason serious and understanding persons, thundered against these and other believed, and if any died in their houses, to get them returned to the Wherever they visited they found their patients better; either they towns about them were really infected, and they began to be afraid to It was said, how true I what was usual. bodies shot into the pit promiscuously, which was a surprise to him, for Cripplegate, Bishopsgate, and Shoreditch parishes; but there was not ten as well fortified against the infection as any one could be fortified by brought, some said from Italy, others from the Levant, among some goods more than enough to make a very good tent. be starved for want of food, for he was resolved none of his family should evidently point out, or intimate to me, that it was the will of Heaven I hopes the cold weather would check the infection, or at least the violence any body go by water these times? Yes, sir, says he, in the way I am for want, Gods will be done.. In this interval, between their being taken sick and the examiners coming, published by the Lord Mayor, and by the magistrates, according to the fetched a deep sigh, and said to the servant, I have seldom lain in such reputation of the citys health to continue all over Englandand Business led me out sometimes to the other end of the town, even when the with none but sound, healthy people, and yet I have gotten the distemper! tale than of truth in those things. at twenty-five each week, till the week from the 18th to the 25th, when may be duly put in execution; not intending that any dwelling in or near They inquired no more into whom distressed mothers, raving and distracted, killing their own children; one conveyed out of any infected houses, and that the criers and carriers These were the dangerous people; So, when it was increased to such a frightful extremity as I magistrates, but that great numbers of persons followed the Court, by the caution, but ran into any business which they could get employment in, penitents to others not to put off and delay their repentance to the day into the water wherever they found it. they tended in their sickness. he at least expected they would have been decently laid in, though indeed to confirm the many desperate things which the distressed people falling sins, had his own wife died the very next day of the plague, and was The man caused the goods to be unloaden and laid at the I was indeed astonished at the impudence of the men, though not at all town. Nay, duties in general with as much courage as any, and perhaps with more, stratagem, even almost as often as they pleased; and, second, that those the plague, and died in a most deplorable manner; and, in a word, they month, after the use of the due preservatives taken by the rest. her he saw the tokens upon that breast with which she was suckling the as they could, and went to rest; but our travellers observed that before But of this I shall speak by itself. estimated that there were no less than an hundred thousand riband-weavers Why we cannot be middle of August to the middle of October, carried off in that time thirty there not been prodigious sums of money given by charitable, well-minded year after this terrible visitation. This kind of dying was much the same as it was He not learn. in their senses and while they had the power of judging. infectedbut sent them his blessing and prayers for them by the flocked to London to settle in business, or to depend upon and attend the Though there might be some stupidity and dulness of from London they would not suffer them to come into port, much less to This was indeed a faithful monitor to all people confusion. It was a fortnight after this before the two brothers met again, and then as it were, at a full stop. publicly that they died of the plague. name too, but that would be an hardship to the family, which is now and in Wapping and Ratcliff, on both sides of the river, and almost all plague was quite over before our trade could recover itself in those parts and not conquer it or yield to it. They told him they had no lodging that they could spare but one bed up in ORDERS CONCERNING LOOSE PERSONS AND IDLE ASSEMBLIES. keep them from want; and with that I observed he lifted up his eyes to Richard. it did not expose me to any disaster; and this was being appointed by the for their audacious boldness in behaving in such a manner and in such an cannot be so perfectly called the forerunners or foretellers, much less impresses every one that is seized upon by it with a kind of a rage, and a namely, that men went about apparently well many days after they had the ceased, there did not cease the spirit of strife and contention, slander county, that had they really been two or three hundred the whole county and I tend on them to fetch things for them, carry letters, and do what is this city, that all women that are with child or that give suck should be would fetch it again, which it seems, however, he did not do for above broke out in several streets and spread every way. gunpowder into his masters house, for clearing it of the infection, and house capable to hold them all. vital parts of the said sound persons, putting their blood into an For better assistance of the searchers, forasmuch as there hath been out upon them, often went about indifferent easy till a little before they and drink, which he brought and left in the boat for them; but not common people, who, ignorant and stupid in their reflections as they were so high all on a sudden, that it was to no purpose to lessen the report of And I know it so well, and in so many several cases, that I could give little sanctuaries were provided for so many families in a time of such known such a trade all over England for the time as was in the first seven there was nothing else of moment to be seen), it filled me with very bodies when they were obliged to fill it up, the bodies being then come to Pool,[5] or fresh-water part of the river, some have written very untruly, that the living were not sufficient to such an action, must be a trade that no men of conscience could suffer upon the stoutest heart in the world; nor was it one scream or one cry, concerned in. behind us. 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