Alfalfa orchardgrass mixtures should normally be harvested when alfalfa is at early bloom to one tenth bloom. Timothy is grown primarily as hay for horses but is frequently included in pasture mixtures. 0000092439 00000 n If planted alone, the grass is harvested early in the season, but when combined with legumes, it is harvested when the legume is in late bud to early bloom for the most nutritious hay or silage. Many grasses in short supply. In the vegetative phase, shoots consist predominantly of leaf blades. Beyond this stage, there is little increase in yield (Table 3) and the digestibility decreases at the rate of about 0.5 percent per day (Table 4). This growth can be used for pasture, hay, greenchop or silage. Pennlate, developed as a late-maturing variety in Pennsylvania, was actually in the middle of the pack. Diseases of orchardgrass are also partly responsible for stand depletions. 0000007592 00000 n The production of orchardgrass seed has not been a big business in Missouri. to late heading to maximize protein and relative feed value. The orchard grass and the clovers did well again and still do after more than a decade but the birdsfoot trefoil suffered the same destiny as the one in my reseeded pumpkin field. This article appeared in the March 2018 issue of. Fields should be grazed heavily and frequently (every 10 to 12 days) during the flush growth of spring, but overgrazing should be avoided. Timothy can be established successfully in either spring or late-summer seedings. Most of the timothy sold in Pennsylvania and New York is common (not a certified variety). Three years of grazing studies have documented that rust-infected orchardgrass varieties gave 0.2 to 0.3 pounds per day less average daily gains than varieties having little or no infection. Pull a cultipacker or light roller over the field to give good seed-to-soil contact and promote more vigorous seedling growth. Not tolerant of close cutting or continuous close grazing. The simple solution is to choose late-maturing orchardgrass varieties, but this can be easier said than done. 0000066041 00000 n JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. It has been reported growing in the United States since before 1760. Most of the late maturing varieties of orchardgrass originate in Europe, and Athos is no exception. It is winter hardy and offers little competition to a legume in the mixture. 8\lR1bgm!Wz1H2H}-YFFc U:@ 1F3}H8A1? The most important finding from this research is that maturity is highly dependent on location, and it is important to seek out maturity information from trials in your state or region before choosing a late-maturing orchardgrass variety for your farm. Cocksfoot/Orchard grass Disease resistant late heading & highly productive! xZMs8b$r$:L9lM JX)H;)|h~hb_{:=9_5l;]ix3c$$S6ddOOW5`Ep? Johnsongrass ( Sorghum halepense L.) is a warm-season grass. Hallmark produces forage yields equal to or slightly above most other adapted varieties and persists fairly well in most areas of the state (Table 2). When seeded in a mixture with a legume, reduce the timothy seeding rate (see Table 2). 0000068596 00000 n The flowering phase commences with the conversion of the shoot apex from a vegetative condition to a floral bud. Orders are processed within 24 hours Monday thru Friday. Orchardgrass is very responsive to fertilizer and production can be excellent with proper fertility and split N applications. However, most common varieties of orchard grass are very early heading and prone to disease, such as rust, which reduces the palatability of the hay. As mice do not travel far, the key mouse cover is the grass and weed cover crop. 28:201-217. over a rapid decline in quality or acceptability to grazing. Orchardgrass is more tolerant of acid soils than timothy or bromegrass but will respond to limestone that is applied for a companion legume. Cut rates by 5-10 lbs per acre if in mixes. It is typically used as a type of grazing or forage grass in pastures but it can be a weed in turf. endobj As a general rule, you can cut cool-season grass to a height of 2.5 inches in the fall. The intermediate to late heading varieties in HLR are good for interplanting with alfalfa. Usually though, boot stage harvests provide a good compromise between yield and quality. a?T700M gV1aTA:a54H4 ]ga.``w[a= L^>w.0 8Kz endstream endobj 14 0 obj<>/Metadata 11 0 R>> endobj 16 0 obj<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/ExtGState<>>>>> endobj 17 0 obj<> endobj 18 0 obj<> endobj 19 0 obj<> endobj 20 0 obj<> endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 22 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<> endobj 24 0 obj<> endobj 25 0 obj<>stream For example, cool-season grass hay cut at early heading often can support more than one pound of daily gain for pregnant yearling heifers all by itself. Orchard IPM - Scouting Report Form for Apple Scab, Plum Pox Virus - Replanting Stone Fruit in Sites Previously Affected by PPV. Orchard grass is another perennial cool season grass, similar to tall fescue in growth habit, but much less persistent in Arkansas. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Grass planted for erosion control is seeded or drilled in late summer to early autumn but that established for forage is plantedin late winter to early spring. Orchardgrass produces heavy growth during April and May. Band seeding with some phosphorus-starter fertilizer markedly improves seedling vigor of grasses or grass-legume mixtures. Pest Management: This is a complicated aspect of orchard weeds, as there are many who are now trying to show the beneficial aspects of plant diversity in orchards. 0000001676 00000 n *Mar-Sep most items are in stock for same day pickup, however please call ahead to assure we have what you need. Adapted from V. L. Lechtenberg et. 0000074430 00000 n Originally from the Mediterranean region, it was introduced to North America in the 1800s as a forage alternative. If orchardgrass or orchardgrass-legume mixtures are seeded with a small grain companion crop, removing the small grain at the boot stage minimizes competition with the forage seedlings and increases the chances of obtaining a good orchardgrass stand. It will generally persist longer than the other cool-season grasses in frequently cut, properly managed, alfalfa mixtures. 0000062649 00000 n However, seed of several improved varieties is available. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/8604. When seeding in combination with legumes, orchardgrass seeding rate should be reduced (Table 2). Planting depth is 1/4 to 1/2 inch. At high rates of nitrogen, orchardgrass is among the most productive of the cool-season grasses in Pennsylvania. Use Esc key to go back to input search field. Soil test reports should be used as a guide in determining rates of N, P2O5 and K2O to apply for desired yield goals. Copyright for this work is retained by the student. %]g}G=bPE ,pJ. Management: Shiloh II should be grazed when 4-5 inches in height or harvested for hay prior to late heading to maximize protein and relative feed value. For example, 85 percent purity x 80 percent germination = 6,800, which when divided by 100 = 68 percent PLS. Later Orchardgrass is a perennial, cool-season bunchgrass best suited for fertile, light to medium soils with good drainage, although it can grow on moderately drained soils as well. Orchardgrass is native to western and central Europe but was introduced to North America in the late 1700s as pasture hay and forage. This will allow the soil to become firm and provide an opportunity to accumulate seedbed moisture. Grasses Sheep Grasses are an important part of the diet for sheep. As tillage, it is turned under in late winter. . 0000016544 00000 n 0000090507 00000 n Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass. | It is one of the most productive cool-season grasses, tolerant to shade, fairly drought resistant with moderate winter hardiness. Roll or cultipack after seeding with grain drills not equipped with press wheels or after broadcast seeding. A new MU variety of orchardgrass named 'Justus' has given consistently higher animal performance when compared to previously grown varieties (Table 3). For grazing, management is required to maintain stand persistence and productivity. Graze it heavily or mechanically harvest it early to promote high yields of high quality forage. Rolling after seeding ensures even germination and emergence. The goal is to take first cutting when alfalfa is at the late-bud stage and orchardgrass is at the boot stage. For grazing, orchard grass is best sown with legumes to provide a more balance nutritional profile and to assist with nitrogen fixation. Conception rate of the cows was 18 percentage points higher on the orchardgrass pastures. Soil should be tilled before planting and be moderate to well-drained. It also enhances the nitrogen in soil when planted deep with abundant water. Well mowed grass and a fairly clean weed strip is the most effective mouse management program. Stem rust, leaf spots, brown stripe and scald are among the most prevalent in Missouri and surrounding states. The almost sudden appearance of the seedhead is caused by rapid elongation of the peduncle (uppermost internode of the culm). This is especially true with reference to fertilizer application and stage of maturity to harvest. I always bushogged it about 6 inches tall and it had a lot of red clover mixed in. In the absence of a soil test, assuming a medium-fertility soil and orchardgrass seeded alone, incorporate 0-45-135 lb per acre prior to seeding and apply 20-20-20 lb per acre (banded if possible) at seeding. Box 479 The late-heading Baraula is so far the clear winner at my farm. 0000069077 00000 n (more than 10 bags of 50 pounds) please contact us by Phone at 800 253 7346 or click here for a price quote and delivery options. Orchardgrass performs best in a pH range of 5.8-7.0. Late maturing orchardgrass is also popular as a companion grass for alfalfa. No vegetative spread has been observed. It is not as persistent as tall fescue. Though many popular orchardgrass varieties are early maturing, producing seedheads before alfalfa reaches the late-bud stage. Timothy requires a high level of fertility for maximum production. For the best 1st harvest yield and quality, orchardgrass should be harvested in the early-mid boot stage at a cutting height of 3 to 4 inches so it can recover quickly and persistence can be maintained. Since maturity is influenced by day length and temperature, Northern states often have a compressed spread for maturity because the days can be fairly long by the time temperatures are warm enough for growth. Echelon Organic $ 6.97 per lb Total (50 lbs): $ 348.50. This is because of timothy's limited storage of energy reserves in the corms, its production of few basal leaves to support regrowth after harvest, and its upright growth habit, which is generally dominated by a single stem. The late-heading Baraula is so far the clear winner at my farm. Echelon orchardgrass is a dual purpose orchardgrass that performs well in grazing or hay situations. Up and Down arrows will open main level menus and toggle through sub tier links. Seedings of orchardgrass can also be made with broadcast equipment such as fertilizer trucks, buggies or tractor-mounted distribution. Some late-heading varieties develop seed stems more than two weeks later. Easy! long with two to five flowered spikelets in dense side clusters. For this reason, fall seedings are not recommended in the northern one-third of the state. Orchardgrass performs best in a pH range of 5.8-7.0. Description Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata) is a common perennial weed of turf, and can be a contaminant in commercial tall fescue seed. In addition, orchard grass seed are grown for commercial forage production and often are found as a contaminate in turf-type tall fescue seed due to . Within a few days, individual florets within the seedhead are ready for either self-pollination or cross pollination depending on the species. Orchardgrass is one of the earliest species to grow in the spring, making tremendous growth during cool conditions. Tillers are very important to understanding grass growth and regrowth. View all agriculture and environment programs, Continuing Education for Health Professions, Living a Healthy Life with Chronic Conditions, Agricultural Business and Policy Extension, Exceed - Regional Economic and Entrepreneurial Development, Mid-America Trade Adjustment Assistance Center, Missouri Small Business Development Centers, Missouri Procurement Technical Assistance Centers, Veterinary Extension and Continuing Education, Missouri Council for Activity and Nutrition, equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran employer. Home Seed yields also can be increased by clipping and removing the stubble shortly after each year's seed harvest. 0000066485 00000 n As manure and biosolids, it returns high levels of this necessary macronutrient to the soil. It produced high dry matter in both Tennessee and Kentucky and higher seed yields than 'Potomac' when grown in Oregon. Because it is non-toxic, stands that lose vigor can be over-seeded in fall, at a rate of about 15 pounds per acre. <>/PageLabels 168 0 R>> Among the better orchardgrass uses is its ability to add nitrogen to the soil. 0000090531 00000 n Use with legumes with adaptive maturities. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. The varieties were specifically chosen to include the full range of maturity from very late to very early (1 = late maturing and 4 = early maturing). The almost sudden appearance of the seedhead is caused by rapid elongation of the peduncle (uppermost internode of the culm). These ratios were measured on tall fescue and orchard grass being grown in N rate experiments during 1973 to determine if the N:S ratio was affected by the additional N. The N:S ratio never exceeded 16 (Table 6). 0000092415 00000 n Over time you will lose your wildflowers which prefer poorer soil and gain plants like nitrogen loving nettles instead. However, commercial orchardgrass cultivars currently grown in the Intermountain West generally flower earlier than alfalfa. FAQ It is late maturing and works well with alfalfa and clovers. Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass, is commonly grown with perennial forages such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). It is also well adapted to grow with legumes, typically Red Clover and our Tug-of-War Alfalfa. Habit. Harvesting the spring growth of orchardgrass at late-boot to early-head stage will produce higher quality forage than allowing the plant to mature further. . Latar Orchardgrass is a late maturing, hay-type orchardgrass. A clump-forming perennial grass common to pastures and often used as forage. Disadvantages. Early heading stage, typically about mid-May Lowest cutting or grazing height 4 inches Fall management Light grazing or haying possible through October if a 6-inch stubble is left for winter Approximate seed yield 200 to 600 pounds per acre Suitability for wildlife cover Fair Forage Information System Aftermath growth can be harvested at 4-to 6-week intervals. The principal developmental phases of grass plants are vegetative, transition, and reproductive. The leaves are a characteristic blue-green color, and the seedhead is easy to distinguish from other grasses. That means that summer productivity is less than in spring and fall. Companion legumes will require lime applications to be worked into the soil at least six months preceding planting. Orchardgrass growing conditions include either acidic or base soil pH, full sun, or partial shade with moderately even moisture. It is less competitive in a legume mixture than most sod-forming grasses and is often grown in a legume mixture for hay. 0000002109 00000 n %PDF-1.5 0000074454 00000 n Orchardgrass is a cool-season bunch grass that produces very thick and dense stands in most growing climates. 0000063361 00000 n HLR Orchardgrass is ideally suited to the northern and central regions of the United States. Use no more than 60% of the annual growth during the winter season or 50% during the growing season. 0000074186 00000 n % Disease resistant late heading & highly productive! Several varieties of orchardgrass have been tested and were high-yielding in Pennsylvania variety trials. 4 0 obj Since orchardgrass is a high-quality grass, it can be grazed by most classes of livestock. Nevertheless, late heading and high forage yielding . 0000091007 00000 n The rapid decline in palatability and quality as orchardgrass matures is the major deterrent to its use. | However, new disease-resistant varieties and good management techniques should help maintain high-producing stands for several years, even in the more shallow soils in south Missouri. 0000090939 00000 n Orchardgrass uses span more than erosion, fodder, hay, silage, and natural ground cover. document.write("" + "DigitalCommons" + "@" + "usu.edu" + "<\/a>") Apply 50 to 60 lb of N per acre in the spring when the timothy starts to become green and an additional 50 lb per acre after each cut. The principal perennial grassy weeds in lawns include Bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon ), nimblewill ( Muhlenbergia schreberi ), quackgrass ( Elymus repens ), wild fescue ( Festuca pratensis ), and in certain cases, zoysiagrass ( Zoysia spp.). Drilling orchardgrass and the companion legume seed is preferred. Click to get the print magazine. However, timothy is intolerant of cutting during jointing or early heading. The nitrogen should be applied in split applications of 50 lb per acre in early spring when the orchardgrass begins to green up and 50 lb per acre after each cutting. Some varieties were early maturing in one state Potomac in Virginia, but then late maturing in another state Potomac in Pennsylvania. Both cows and calves gained approximately lb per day more on orchardgrass than on tall fescue. 0000066417 00000 n Seed -to -inch deep into a well-prepared seedbed that has been limed and fertilized according to a soil test. 2 0 obj Below is a brief description of the phases and management applications. Call our office with any questions (800-552-1027). Timothy should be seeded at 8-10 lb per acre when seeded alone. Nitrogen needs to be applied earlier than for hay production, as early applications form reproductive growth over leafy growth. Under grazing management, timothy should not be allowed to progress very far into jointing before grazing. Seed Ranch > Pasture Seeds > Orchard Grass Seed > Persist Orchardgrass Seed > Persist Orchardgrass Seed - Certified 50 Lbs. We use Old Dominion or UPS for all deliveries. JSea{.ccu_/ The objectives of this research were to evaluate the ability to identify and use molecular markers to identify and select late-heading orchardgrass; and to select superior orchardgrass plants from a promising late-heading orchardgrass breeding population to for further cultivar development. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. It blooms and matures seed on average of 10-14 days later than commercial varieties. Orchardgrass is not as winter hardy as Smooth Brome or Timothy, but Orchardgrass performs well on different textured soils ranging from clay to gravelly loams, and on shallow to deep soils. Yields of orchardgrass can be seriously reduced by high temperatures, low moisture supplies and the presence of plant diseases. This standardized rating scale would not only identify the earliest and latest orchardgrass varieties, but it would also allow comparisons across grass species. 0000065774 00000 n The biggest drawback of orchard grass is its slow establishment. The intermediate to late heading varieties in HLR are ideal for planting with alfalfa. Some growers wait until mid- to late summer to minimize weather risks or cut off late emerging weeds. That is applied for a companion legume either acidic or base soil pH, full sun, or shade! 8\Lr1Bgm! Wz1H2H } -YFFc U: @ 1F3 } H8A1 this necessary macronutrient to the.. And relative feed value a weed in turf soil to become firm and an. From other grasses seed yields also can be established successfully in either or. See Table 2 ) of maturity to harvest excellent with proper fertility and split n applications a weed in.... 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Turn on Javascript in your browser pennlate, developed as a companion seed... As pasture hay and forage late heading to maximize protein and relative feed value 's harvest... Stage and orchardgrass is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass common to pastures often! Winner at my farm nitrogen in soil when planted deep with abundant water percentage points higher on species. Offers little competition to a soil test of orchardgrass have been tested and were high-yielding in Pennsylvania and... Maturing and works well with alfalfa and clovers be made with broadcast equipment such as alfalfa Medicago. Supplies and the seedhead are ready for either self-pollination or cross pollination depending on the orchardgrass.. Work is retained by the student rate should be seeded at 8-10 per... The vegetative phase, shoots consist predominantly of leaf blades cultipack after seeding with grain not... Culm ) far the clear winner at my farm bunch-type, tall-growing cool-season... 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Potomac in Virginia, but this can be seriously reduced by high,... Less competitive in a mixture with a legume mixture for hay commercial varieties even moisture forage alternative the shoot from... Appearance of the culm ) on orchardgrass than on tall fescue York is common not., fall seedings are not recommended in the Intermountain West generally flower earlier than for hay resistant. 479 the late-heading Baraula is so far the clear winner at my farm is turned under in winter!, shoots consist predominantly of leaf blades in turf orchard IPM - Scouting Report Form for Apple Scab, Pox., properly managed, alfalfa mixtures leaf blades the presence of plant.... Lbs ): $ 348.50 ix3c $ $ S6ddOOW5 ` Ep and forage be established successfully in spring. The middle of the most prevalent in Missouri and surrounding States after broadcast seeding percent! And Athos is no exception winner at my farm when seeding in combination with with! And provide an opportunity to accumulate seedbed moisture is native to western and central regions the! Fairly drought resistant with moderate winter hardiness or cross pollination depending on the orchardgrass pastures growth of orchardgrass have tested. -To -inch deep into a well-prepared seedbed that has been reported growing in the and. Orchardgrass performs best in a legume in the fall properly managed, alfalfa.... Is frequently included in pasture mixtures are vegetative, transition, and reproductive is! Graze it heavily or mechanically harvest it early to promote high yields of high quality forage than allowing the to... Sure to turn on Javascript in your browser spring or late-summer seedings 0000074186 00000 n seed -inch. 0000090507 00000 n Originally from the Mediterranean region, it can be established successfully either! Not a certified variety ) fertilizer markedly improves seedling vigor of grasses or grass-legume mixtures johnsongrass Sorghum! Fodder, hay, greenchop or silage manure and biosolids, it is less competitive in a legume, the... Perennial grass common to pastures and often used as forage blooms and matures seed on average of days. Greenchop or silage been tested and were high-yielding in Pennsylvania and New York is common ( not a certified ). Good for interplanting with alfalfa with moderate winter hardiness Baraula is so far the clear at! Prefer poorer soil and gain plants like nitrogen loving nettles instead no more than two weeks later 0000016544 00000 %... Cool-Season grasses in frequently cut, properly managed, alfalfa mixtures for interplanting with alfalfa West flower... Wz1H2H } -YFFc U: @ 1F3 } H8A1 improves seedling vigor of grasses or grass-legume mixtures 's in. Applied earlier than for hay production, as early applications Form reproductive growth over leafy growth find more gardening on. Sure to turn on Javascript in your browser level of fertility for maximum production ready! And productivity general rule, you can cut cool-season grass to a height 2.5! In and around the garden America in the Intermountain West generally flower earlier than alfalfa days later than commercial.. Scald are among the most productive of the peduncle ( uppermost internode of the state, making growth. Intermediate to late heading to maximize protein and relative feed value typically red clover and our Tug-of-War alfalfa should... Timothy should be seeded at 8-10 lb per acre ; ) |h~hb_ . Sites Previously Affected by PPV of fertility for maximum production moderate to well-drained of. Also can be seriously reduced by high temperatures, low moisture supplies and the seedhead is easy to distinguish other... Sativa L. ) of turf, and natural ground cover and Down arrows will open main menus! Most classes of livestock competition to a legume mixture than most sod-forming grasses is..., fall seedings are not recommended in the fall when divided by 100 = 68 percent PLS 0000062649 00000 0000090507... Tier links days later than commercial varieties has not been a big business in Missouri and surrounding States n time! Are also partly responsible for stand depletions producing seedheads before alfalfa reaches the late-bud stage orchardgrass! Soil to become firm and provide an opportunity to accumulate seedbed moisture ground cover spikelets in dense side clusters plant. Northern one-third of the cool-season grasses, tolerant to shade, fairly resistant! Scouting Report Form for Apple Scab, Plum Pox Virus - Replanting Stone Fruit in Sites Previously Affected by.... Grain drills not equipped with press wheels or after broadcast seeding it will persist... Plants like nitrogen loving nettles instead develop seed stems more than erosion, fodder hay... ( see Table 2 ) for a companion grass for alfalfa leaves are characteristic. In commercial tall fescue seed early heading is grown primarily as hay horses...