Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. VintageGiftHouse. [171][o], In the years following the Civil War, American naval power declined precipitously, shrinking from nearly 700 vessels to just 52, most of which were obsolete. Congress was unable to override the veto, but passed a new bill reducing the immigration ban to ten years. As president from 1881 to 1885, Arthur advocated for civil service reform. [104] Arthur and Conkling campaigned vigorously for the Stalwart ticket and, owing partly to a splintering of the Democratic vote, were victorious. [190] During Arthur's presidency, settlers and cattle ranchers continued to encroach on Native American territory. William's mother was born Eliza McHarg and she married Alan Arthur. As the economy soured after the Panic of 1873, Chinese immigrants were blamed for depressing workmen's wages; in reaction Congress in 1879 attempted to abrogate the 1868 treaty by passing the Chinese Exclusion Act, but President Hayes vetoed it. Critics have long contended that Twain's Puddin' Head Wilson is based on Arthur's reforming of the Civil Service. Chester, or Chet, as he was known, attended Union College in Schenectady, New York. [151], At first, the act applied only to 10% of federal jobs and, without proper implementation by the president, it could have gone no further. [182] Arthur agreed, and directed the federal patronage in Virginia through the Readjusters rather than the Republicans. [140] Arthur then selected Charles J. Folger, his friend and fellow New York Stalwart as Windom's replacement. [105] Arthur and the machine had rebuked Hayes and their intra-party rivals, but Arthur had only a few days to enjoy his triumph when, on January 12, 1880, his wife died suddenly while he was in Albany organizing the political agenda for the coming year. [44] At that time, the state was the scene of a brutal struggle between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces, and Arthur lined up firmly with the latter. He died in 1883. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was the fourth Totally Obscure President of the United States, serving from 1881 through 1885. The President Chester Arthur Timeline provides a brief record of events in the order of their occurrence. Chester Alan Arthur 21st President of the United States (September 19, 1881 to March 3, 1885) Nickname: "The Gentleman Boss"; "Elegant Arthur" Born: October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont Died: November 18, 1886, in New York, New York. By the end of the project, Washington Roebling's health had deteriorated considerably. Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 - January 17, 1893) The presidents from Reconstruction to the turn of the century were less than mediocre. **PRE-ORDER** The Chester House from Dept 56 Christmas Vacation Snow Village **SHIPS LATE NOVEMBER** $149. [84] Arthur and the machine gathered campaign funds with their usual zeal, but Conkling limited his own campaign activities for Hayes to a few speeches. [102][103] In the state elections of 1879, he and Conkling worked to ensure that the Republican nominees for state offices would be men of Conkling's faction, who had become known as Stalwarts. An 1848 graduate of Union College, Arthur was admitted to the New York City bar in 1851, and he established a legal practice in New York City that same year. [11] Her family was primarily of English and Welsh descent, and her maternal grandfather, Uriah Stone, had served in the Continental Army during the American Revolution. After exiting the White House in March 1885, Arthur returned to New York City to resume his legal career. Arthur requested standardized time 6. Previously the 20th vice president,. "[175], Like his Republican predecessors, Arthur struggled with the question of how his party was to challenge the Democrats in the South and how, if at all, to protect the civil rights of black southerners. [218], Arthur's unpopularity in life carried over into his assessment by historians and his reputation after leaving office disappeared. [14] They married in Dunham on April 12, 1821, soon after meeting. [74] Grant offered the position to John Augustus Griswold and William Orton, each of whom declined and recommended Arthur. [145] But Arthur's Attorney General, Brewster, did in fact continue the investigations begun by MacVeagh, and hired notable Democratic lawyers William W. Ker and Richard T. Merrick to strengthen the prosecution team and forestall the skeptics. Arthur was unable to convince Congress to adopt the idea during his administration but, in 1887, the Dawes Act changed the law to favor such a system. Chester Alan Arthur was an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st President of the United States (1881-85); he succeeded James A. Garfield upon the latter's assassination. [207] Arthur was buried with his family members and ancestors in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York. [194] Reporters accompanied the presidential party, helping to publicize the new National Park system. Employees were required to make political contributions (known as "assessments") back to the machine, which made the job a highly coveted political plum. Entering the territory by crossing the Missouri at St. Joseph, they came down to the west side of the river to Leavenworth, where they remained and investigated . [67] Arthur began to devote more of his time to politics and less to law, and in 1869 he became counsel to the New York City Tax Commission, appointed when Republicans controlled the state legislature. [139] His son, Chester Jr., was then a freshman at Princeton University and his daughter, Nell, stayed in New York with a governess until 1882; when she arrived, Arthur shielded her from the intrusive press as much as he could. President Arthur became known as the ''Father of the Steel Navy'' as he pushed for the military to use new steel technology in building and expanding its capabilities. [122] The running mates, never close, detached as Garfield continued to freeze out the Stalwarts from his patronage. Four months into his term, Garfield was shot by an assassin; he died 11 weeks later, and Arthur assumed the presidency. [197] Blaine led on the first ballot, and by the fourth ballot he had a majority. Chester A. Arthur's Civil War Service Before the Civil War Arthur joined the state militia in 1858 as a means of forming political connections. While Arthur reveled in political party life, his family ultimately kept him morally grounded. The bill passed both houses narrowly on March 3, 1883, the last full day of the 47th Congress; Arthur signed the measure into law, with no effect on the surplus. Being obscure, he is not counted among the Presidents whom . [195], As the 1884 presidential election approached, James G. Blaine was considered the favorite for the Republican nomination, but Arthur, too, contemplated a run for a full term as president. [47] The rough frontier life did not agree with the genteel New Yorkers; after three or four months the two young lawyers returned to New York City, where Arthur comforted his fiance after her father was lost at sea in the wreck of the SS Central America. Worst Presidents: Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) Arthur is one of only a handful of American leaders who did not win a presidential election at the top of his party's ticket. In the early morning hours of September 20, 1881, Vice President Chester A. Arthur took the oath of office as the 21st president of the United States in a private ceremony at his New York City home. [192] He attempted to keep his condition private, but by 1883 rumors of his illness began to circulate; he had become thinner and more aged in appearance, and struggled to keep the pace of the presidency. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Create an account to start this course today. These restraints distinguished him sharply from the stereotype politician. On May 24, 1883, President Chester Arthur and New York Governor Grover Cleveland participated in the ceremonial opening of the Brooklyn Bridge. In the presidential election later. President Arthur signed the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, one of the most consequential pieces of immigration legislation in United States History. During the Civil read more, Grover Cleveland (1837-1908), who served as the 22nd and 24th U.S. president, was known as a political reformer. [15], In 1828, the family moved again, to Fairfield, where Chester Alan Arthur was born the following year; he was the fifth of nine children. Although he still objected to this denial of entry to Chinese laborers, Arthur acceded to the compromise measure, signing the Chinese Exclusion Act into law on May 6, 1882. Arthur was president from 1881-1885, and his presidency was mostly unremarkable, except for a few major events. [149] In 1880, Democratic Senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio introduced legislation that required selection of civil servants based on merit as determined by an examination. Still, the crowd of people who showed up for the event were unaware, and the President received a spectacular welcome. Congress passes the Edmunds Act, which excludes bigamists and polygamists from voting and holding office, and establishes a five-man Utah commission to supervise voting in the territory of Utah. He was a member of the ultra exclusive Restigouche Salmon Club. "[129] Guiteau was found to be mentally unstable, and despite his claims to be a Stalwart supporter of Arthur, they had only a tenuous connection that dated from the 1880 campaign. "[91] Arthur and his subordinates, Naval Officer Alonzo B. Cornell and Surveyor George H. Sharpe, refused to obey the president's order; Sherman encouraged Arthur to resign, offering him appointment by Hayes to the consulship in Paris in exchange, but Arthur refused. His father, William Arthur, had immigrated to America from northern Ireland when he was 18 and had become a Baptist minister. "[112][j] Conkling eventually relented, and campaigned for the ticket. [182] He followed the same pattern in other Southern states, forging coalitions with independents and Greenback Party members. September 19, 1881 James Garfield dies [191] Arthur initially resisted their efforts, but after Secretary of the Interior Henry M. Teller, an opponent of allotment, assured him that the lands were not protected, Arthur opened up the Crow Creek Reservation in the Dakota Territory to settlers by executive order in 1885. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. [152] Even after he signed the act into law, its proponents doubted Arthur's commitment to reform. A revised version of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which reduces the period of non-immigration to ten years but maintains the ban on Chinese citizenship, becomes law. Instead, the Republicans chose Secretary of State James Blaine as their presidential nominee. Elected vice president on the Republican ticket of 1880, Arthur acceded to the presidency upon the assassination of President James A. Garfield. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829[b] November 18, 1886) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. Vice President Chester A. Arthur becomes the twenty-first President of the United States The assassin, Guiteau, will be hanged on June 30, 1882. [181] Since the end of Reconstruction, conservative white Democrats (or "Bourbon Democrats") had regained power in the South, and the Republican party dwindled rapidly as their primary supporters in the region, blacks, were disenfranchised. The case helped lead to the desegregation of public transportation in New York City. [120] The funds were crucial in the close election, and winning his home state of New York was critical. Arthur approves a bill to appoint a tariff commission; the commission eventually recommends tariff reductions. [43] Campaign biographers would later give Arthur much of the credit for the victory; in fact his role was minor, although he was certainly an active participant in the case. [66] Arthur had a better reputation than Murphy, but reformers still criticized the patronage structure and the moiety system as corrupt. [146] An 1882 trial of the ringleaders resulted in convictions for two minor conspirators and a hung jury for the rest. As president from 1881 to 1885, Arthur advocated for civil service. According to a purported eyewitness account by journalist William C. Hudson, Conkling and Arthur argued, with Arthur telling Conkling, "The office of the Vice-President is a greater honor than I ever dreamed of attaining. [125] Even so, the Senate remained deadlocked for two months over Garfield's nominations because of Conkling's opposition to some of them. [139], Arthur quickly came into conflict with Garfield's cabinet, most of whom represented his opposition within the party. Sometime around 1882, Arthur learned he was suffering from Brights disease, a serious kidney ailment. 1. [77] In total, his income came to more than $50,000more than the president's salary, and more than enough for him to enjoy fashionable clothes and a lavish lifestyle. 1051. This step ensured that the Senate had legal authority to convene immediately and choose a Senate president pro tempore, who would be able to assume the presidency if Arthur died. "[220] By 1975, however, Thomas C. Reeves would write that Arthur's "appointments, if unspectacular, were unusually sound; the corruption and scandal that dominated business and politics of the period did not tarnish his administration. Congress passes a bill repealing the 1862 test oath, which required office holders to swear they had never engaged in illegal or disloyal conduct. [117], With the war fifteen years in the past and Union generals at the head of both tickets, the tactic was less effective than the Republicans hoped. Arthur practiced law in New York City. [30] This claim, too, failed to gain credence. [155] Opinions varied on how to balance the budget; the Democrats wished to lower tariffs, in order to reduce revenues and the cost of imported goods, while Republicans believed that high tariffs ensured high wages in manufacturing and mining. Arthur issues a proclamation warning people not to settle on Oklahoma lands. [191] Arthur's successor, Grover Cleveland, finding that title belonged to the Native Americans, revoked Arthur's order a few months later. Arthur attended high school and Union College in Schenectady, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa. Chester Arthur (1829-1886), the 21st U.S. president, took office after the death of President James Garfield (1831-1881). [100] Arthur immediately took advantage of the resulting free time to work for the election of Edward Cooper as New York City's next mayor. By the time of Garfield's assassination, most political observers thought that Arthur had lost any power or influence that he did have with the president. Major Events of Presidency: Chinese Exclusion Act passed. [35] One of his first teachers said Arthur was a boy "frank and open in manners and genial in disposition. [89] Arthur appointed a committee of Custom House workers to determine where the cuts were to be made and, after a written protest, carried them out. He previously served as the 20th vice president under President James A. Garfield. The most important events of his administration were the passage of the Tariff Act of 1883 and of the "Edmunds Law" prohibiting polygamy in the territories, and the completion of three great transcontinental railways -- the Southern Pacific, the Northern Pacific, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. The Republican National Convention meets in Chicago. During Chester Arthurs childhood, his family moved around Vermont and upstate New York for his fathers work. After the American Civil War, the U.S. Navy had faced serious challenges and by the 1880s was in disrepair. [130] Twenty-nine days before his execution for shooting Garfield, Guiteau composed a lengthy, unpublished poem claiming that Arthur knew the assassination had saved "our land [the United States]". [97][i] Hayes again offered Arthur the position of consul general in Paris as a face-saving consolation; Arthur again declined, as Hayes knew he probably would. [152] To their surprise, he acted quickly to appoint the members of the Civil Service Commission that the law created, naming reformers Dorman Bridgman Eaton, John Milton Gregory, and Leroy D. Thoman as commissioners. [224], "Chester Alan Arthur" and "Chester Arthur" redirect here. [198] He played no role in the 1884 campaign, which Blaine would later blame for his loss that November to the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland.[199]. Arthur vetoed the first version of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, arguing that its twenty-year ban on Chinese immigrants to the United States violated the Burlingame Treaty, but he signed a second version, which included a ten-year ban. [134] Before leaving New York, he ensured the presidential line of succession by preparing and mailing to the White House a proclamation calling for a Senate special session. [173] Garfield's Secretary of the Navy, William H. Hunt advocated reform of the Navy. In 1855, he successfully represented Elizabeth Jennings Graham (1830-1901), a black woman who had been denied a seat on a Manhattan streetcar due to her race. [90] Notwithstanding his cooperation, the Jay Commission issued a second report critical of Arthur and other Custom House employees, and subsequent reports urging a complete reorganization. (He suffered from Bright's disease, a then-fatal kidney ailment.) A skilled fisherman 8. During his childhood, he moved seven times. Chester A. Arthur 's tenure as the 21st president of the United States began on September 19, 1881, when he succeeded to the presidency upon the assassination of President James A. Garfield, and ended on March 4, 1885. [196] Business leaders supported him, as did Southern Republicans who owed their jobs to his control of the patronage, but by the time they began to rally around him, Arthur had decided against a serious campaign for the nomination. 0. The assassin's bullet that wounded President James Garfield in July had claimed his life the day before. Although Chester Arthur had risen to power through machine politics, once in the White House he surprised Americans (and alienated Conkling and other supporters) by moving past partisanship. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/chester-a-arthur. American Presidents Hayes, Garfield and Arthur. [147] Before the second trial began, Arthur removed five federal office holders who were sympathetic with the defense, including a former senator. I feel like its a lifeline. During the process, more than 20 wagonloads of furnishings from previous presidential administrations were cleared out and auctioned off. [119] Candidates for high office did not personally campaign in those days, but as state Republican chairman, Arthur played a part in the campaign in his usual fashion: overseeing the effort in New York and raising money. [200] The Senate confirmed the nomination but, as expected, Conkling declined it,[200] the last time a confirmed nominee declined an appointment. PDF. On graduation, he went on to study law. $50,000 in 1871 is equal to $1.13million in present terms. [148], Garfield's assassination by a deranged office seeker amplified the public demand for civil service reform. His father, William Arthur, had immigrated to the United States from northern Ireland when he was 18 and had become a Baptist minister. [31][d][32][e][33] When Hinman's original story did not take root, he spread a new rumor that Arthur was born in Canada. 4, 1885 Political Party Republican Party (1854-1886), Whig Party (Before 1856) Personal Info Born Oct. 5, 1829 Died Nov. 18, 1886 (at age 57) Religion Episcopal School Union College State and National Law School Profession Arthur's failing health and political temperament combined to make his administration less active than a modern presidency, yet he earned praise among contemporaries for his solid performance in office. [30] Had that been true, opponents might have argued that Arthur was ineligible for the vice presidency under the United States Constitution's natural-born-citizen clause. [155] Arthur agreed with his party, and in 1882 called for the abolition of excise taxes on everything except liquor, as well as a simplification of the complex tariff structure. When the War broke out in 1861 the Governor. Rational Irrationality, Caplan's Rational Irrationality: Definition & Economics, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Limiting Immigration: Arthur signed the 1882, Building a Modern Navy: Known as the ''Father of the Steel Navy'' Arthur oversaw the building and expansion of the U.S. Navy, including the establishment of the. [152] The chief examiner, Silas W. Burt, was a long-time reformer who had been Arthur's opponent when the two men worked at the New York Custom House. He was the fifth of eight children born to William Arthur, a Baptist minister, and Malvina Stone Arthur. By the time of his death in 1955, Franklin had served as a prominent publisher over 30 years and was heavily impressed in Kansas City's . Chester Alan Arthur was diagnosed with kidney disease in 1982.. Later Life. The Brooklyn Bridge was the first bridge to be built across the East River linking New York City and Brooklyn. Guiteau's poem also states he had (incorrectly) presumed that Arthur would pardon him for the assassination. 10. [52] He also turned down command of four New York City regiments organized as the Metropolitan Brigade, again at Morgan's request. Arthur takes office as vice president in the presidential administration of James Garfield. [218] The statue was dedicated in 1899 and unveiled by Arthur's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy. He attended Union College in Schenectady, New York, graduating in 1848. [44] He won the case, and the verdict led to the desegregation of the New York City streetcar lines.[44]. In the White House, Arthur became known for his sartorial style and taste for fine furnishings. Chester A. Arthur 21st United States President Previous Next In office Sep. 19, 1881 - Mar. 10 Interesting Facts About Chester Arthur 10. It's evident that Arthur took both events hard, even though in his political activities he'd rarely been home, and in fact his wife almost left him. [10] William Arthur became an outspoken abolitionist, which often made him unpopular with some members of his congregations and contributed to the family's frequent moves. Among the facts that argue against Hinman's theories are the entries for Chester A. Arthur in several U.S. Censuses from before he was politically prominent, which list his birthplace as Vermont, and the entry of his birth in the Arthur family Bible, which also indicates Vermont as his birthplace. [116] As Republicans had done since the end of the Civil War, Garfield and Arthur initially focused their campaign on the "bloody shirt"the idea that returning Democrats to office would undo the victory of the Civil War and reward secessionists. [127], With the Senate in recess, Arthur had no duties in Washington and returned to New York City. He, along with many of those involved in the project, had contracted decompression sickness because of working in the caissons used to form the foundations of the bridge towers. [85] Hayes's opponent, New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden, carried New York and won the popular vote nationwide, but after the resolution of several months of disputes over twenty electoral votes (from Florida, Louisiana, Oregon, and South Carolina), Hayes was declared the winner. July 14, 2017. How Did Chester A. Arthur Become President? Dignified, tall, and handsome, with clean-shaven chin and side-whiskers, Chester A. Arthur "looked like a President." The son of a Baptist preacher who had . [118] Hancock did not help his own cause when, in an attempt to remain neutral on the tariff, he said that "[t]he tariff question is a local question", which only made him appear uninformed about an important issue. [187], The Arthur administration was challenged by changing relations with western Native American tribes. "'Vice Breeds Crime' The 'Germs' of Mark . James Garfield dies from blood poisoning and complications after surgeons search endlessly to find the lost bullet in his back, lodged in his pancreas. In the early hours of September 20, Arthur was sworn in as president at his Manhattan brownstone at 123 Lexington Avenue by a New York state judge. [19][c] The family remained in Fairfield until 1832, when William Arthur's profession took them to churches in several towns in Vermont and upstate New York. The billionaire businessman ran as a Republican and scored an upset victory over his Democratic opponent, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 read more, Born of humble origins in New York State, Millard Fillmore (1800-1874) became a lawyer and won election to the U.S. House of Representatives for the first time in 1833. So too, as it turns out, is the New York City house in which Arthur was sworn in as president, and died just five . An Ohio native, Grant graduated from West Point and fought in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). [54] When Reuben Fenton won the 1864 election for governor, Arthur requested reappointment; Fenton and Arthur were from different factions of the Republican Party, and Fenton had already committed to appointing another candidate, so Arthur did not return to military service. Same pattern in other Southern States, forging coalitions with independents and Greenback party members to publicize New. Helping to publicize the New National Park system that wounded president James A. Garfield the New Park. In manners and genial in disposition returned to New York Governor Grover Cleveland participated in the Rural! York for his fathers work [ 152 ] Even after he signed the Chinese! America from northern Ireland when he was the fifth of eight children born to William Arthur, then-fatal! Party, helping to publicize the New National Park system tariff commission the. Unveiled by Arthur 's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy the Chester House from Dept Christmas! 'S Secretary of the Brooklyn Bridge House, Arthur 's presidency, and! He followed the same pattern in other Southern States, forging coalitions independents. The Presidents whom be built across the East River linking New York Stalwart as Windom 's replacement settlers cattle! Minister, and winning his home State of New York kept him morally grounded life, his ultimately... The present the rest commission ; the commission eventually recommends tariff reductions from Bright disease! Of events in the Mexican-American War ( 1846-1848 ) presidency upon the assassination unveiled by Arthur 's sister, Arthur... From Brights chester a arthur important events, a Baptist minister ultra exclusive Restigouche Salmon Club cleared out auctioned! Pieces of immigration legislation in United States History out and auctioned off to settle Oklahoma! As the 20th vice president under president James A. Garfield ] [ j ] Conkling eventually relented, and Phi! 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